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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pathologically heterogeneous disease, including injury to both neuronal cell bodies and axonal processes. Global atrophy of both gray and white matter is common after TBI. This study was designed to determine the relationship between neuroimaging markers of acute diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and ...

Objective: To identify cognitive predictors of medical decision-making capacity (MDC) in participants with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: At baseline, participants were 34 adults with TBI and 20 healthy adults. At 6-month follow-up, participants were 24 adults with TBI and 20 healthy adults. Main Outcome Measures: ...

There is relatively little research pertaining to neuropsychological assessment of Spanish-speaking individuals with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The current study examined verbal and visual memory performances in 38 primarily Spanish-speaking patients with TLE (Right = 15, Left = 23) of similar epilepsy duration to determine if lateralizing differences ...

Objective: Evaluate an intervention to improve an alliance between an interdisciplinary team and clients with traumatic brain injury attending post–acute brain injury rehabilitation. Design: Prospective design, 2 consecutive samples—historical control (CNT) and treatment (TX).Methods: Sample of 104 clients (69 CNT, 35 TX) admitted to post–acute brain injury rehabilitation completed ...

When examining visual memory test results one must be aware of other variables that impact performance, particularly in individuals with traumatic brain injury who have broad cognitive deficits. The present investigation sought to determine the extent to which executive functioning, as operationally defined as perceptual organization, planning, and mental ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the temporal relationship between self-reported injury-related functional limitations and depressive symptomatology after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort study with 3 evaluation points. SETTING: A level I trauma center. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents and adults (N=135) with complicated mild to severe TBI (72% had complicated mild ...

Objective: To examine the temporal relationship between self-reported injury-related functional limitations and depressive symptomatology after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: A longitudinal cohort study with 3 evaluation points. Setting: A level I trauma center. Participants: Adolescents and adults (N 135) with complicated mild to severe TBI (72% had complicated ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether caregivers' medical and psychiatric histories, coping style, and social support predict global distress and perceived burden. DESIGN: Correlational, cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 114 caregivers of persons with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, assessed 1 year postinjury. MEASURES: Ratings of caregivers' medical and ...

Primary objective: To further evaluate the construct validity of the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) and to investigate the extent to which self-ratings of adults with traumatic brain injury compared to ratings made by close others and self-ratings made by non-injured matched controls. Research design: Prospective cohort study. Methods ...

Objective: Assess the prevalence of brain tissue hypoxia in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and to characterizethe relationship between brain tissue hypoxia and functional outcome. Design: Retrospective review of severe TBI patients.Setting: Intensive care unit of a level I trauma center.Patients: Twenty-seven patients with severe TBI requiring intracranial ...

Posttraumatic epilepsy is a common complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI), occurring in up to I5-20% of patients with severe brain trauma. Trauma accounts for approximately 5% of chronic epilepsy in the community. Because it is a common condition, and because of the relatively short latency period between injury ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of an individualized problem-solving intervention provided to family caregivers of women living with severe disabilities. DESIGN: Family caregivers were randomly assigned to an education-only control group or a problem-solving training (PST) intervention group. Participants received monthly contacts for 1year. PARTICIPANTS: Family caregivers (64 women, ...

The purpose of the current study was to determine the contribution of race/ethnicity and income to community integration at approximately 6 months following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 151 persons with mild to severe TBI (38% Black; 38% Hispanic; 24% White) recruited from consecutive admissions to the Neurosurgery ...

Objective: To determine the influence of minority status on job stability after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting: TBI Model Systems Centers. Participants: 633 individuals (414 Caucasians vs. 219 Minorities) with primarily moderate to severe TBI hospitalized at one of the TBI Model Systems Centers between 1988 and 2001 with ...

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Objectives: To examine age-related differences in functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury. Participants and procedure: Seventy-six patients admitted to a pediatric acute rehabilitation hospital were compared with 2548 adult patients in the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research–funded traumatic brain injury model systems national database. Main outcome measures: ...

OBJECTIVE: To extend psychometric research on the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) by comparing patients' reports with those of family members. DESIGN: Reports on community integration were obtained from family members and patients 1 year after brain injury. Kappa reliability coefficients were used to examine agreement for individual items on ...

In Part II we address tools for describing general functional levels of clients in acute care, in traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation programs, and in the community. Tools must be brief, have proven reliability, and measure characteristics common to moderately and severely brain-injured individuals. Possible components of a uniform ...