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Neuropsychological test interpretation has relied on pre- and postmorbid comparisons, as exemplifi ed by the use of demographically adjusted normative data. We argue that, when the assessment goal is to predict real-world functioning,this interpretive method should be supplemented by “absolute” scores. Such scores are derived from comparisons with the ...

Background: Guidelines for defining the minimally conscious state (MCS) specify behaviors that characterize emergence, including “reliable and consistent” functional communication (accurate yes/no responding). Guidelines were developed by consensus because of lack of empirical data. Objective: To evaluate the utility of the operational threshold for emergence from posttraumatic MCS, by ...

Primary objective: To evaluate the benefits of the Brain Injury Family Intervention (BIFI) for families of persons with acquired brain injury and identify factors related to outcomes. Research design: Pre-test, post-test design with outcomes measured immediately after and 3 months following intervention. Methods and procedures: Family members and survivors ...

Primary objectives: (1) To describe demographic and injury characteristics that are prominent among African Americans and Hispanics with TBI; (2) To determine if racial differences exist in regard to post-injury outcomes; (3) To highlight potential causes of racial/ethnic disparities in TBI rehabilitation and post-acute services; (4) To suggest recommendations ...

Primary objective: The current study examined whether cognitive rehabilitation delivered over the Internet was associated with improvements in functioning. Research design: A total of 14 individuals with medically documented traumatic brain injury completed this study. Participants completed 30 sessions of an active calendar acquisition intervention and 30 sessions of ...

Objective: To determine whether caregivers' medical and psychiatric histories, coping style, and social support predict global distress and perceived burden. Design: Correlational, cohort study. Participants: A total of 114 caregivers of persons with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, assessed 1 year postinjury. Measures: Ratings of caregivers' medical and ...

Objective: To describe the development and the implementation of a Web-based, videoconferencing training program for caregivers of adults with traumatic brain injury in rural areas to manage cognitive and behavioral changes in the person with the injury. Design: Feasibility study, with satisfaction and perceived utility assessed. Intervention: Six Web-based videoconference sessions. combining ...

Objective: To examine change in residence following traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a function of pre-injury residential status, demographic factors. and injury-related characteristics. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Inpatient, comprehensive rehabilitation programs for persons with TBI Participants: A total of 7925 patients with moderate or severe TBI receiving acute rehabilitation, and enrolled ...

Objective: To describe the most recent estimates of the incidence and prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and review current issues related to measurement and use of these data. Design: State of the science literature for the United States and abroad was analyzed and issues were identified for (1) ...

Rehabilitation professionals have become increasingly aware that traumatic brain injury has a long-term adverse impact on family members as well as on survivors. Family members often have a critical supporting role in the recovery process, and researchers have identified a relationship between caregiver well-being and survivor outcome. Drawing from the ...

Because of the growing minority population in the past 3 decades in the United States and the increasing numbers of individuals who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI), researchers and clinicians have started to pay more attention to the role of race and ethnicity in outcomes after rBI, with ...

The model systems (MSs) of care for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a demonstration program started by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitatioit Research in 1987 to improve care and outcomes for individuals with TBI, from emergency services through life-long follow-up. Over the next 20 years, the program ...

Large numbers of investigations have sought to evaluate prediction of outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the effectiveness of interventions designed to address post-TBI deficits. Unfortunately, failure to attend to key issues in experimental design regarding outcome assessment has limited the utility of these investigations. Increased attention to ...