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In selecting which effects of an intervention are assessed and defined as outcomes, the researcher draws on his or her perspective,which, because it differs from that of the insider (ie, the person with a disability/the treatment recipient), will lead to selection of 1 or more outcome variables that are ...

Rehabilitation is supported by research evidence that is limited in both number and quality. In order for more and better evidence to be published, researchers need to improve their reports of randomized controlled trials and other interventional research. Making it likely that these reports can contribute to the cumulation of ...

Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Executive Interview (EXIT-25) and to propose modifications that will improve those properties. Design: Rasch analysis of existing datasets contributed by 3 prior projects, all of which examined criterion-related validity of the EXIT-25.Setting: A large, urban, academic free-standing rehabilitation facility. Participants: The ...

Objective: To assess the influence of sex and age on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes in a large national sample of older adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Prospective case series. Setting: Eight hundred forty-eight inpatient rehabilitation facilities that subscribe to the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. Participants: Patients ...

Objective: To investigate aging with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by determining if long-term outcomes after TBI are predicted by years postinjury and age at injury after controlling for the severity of the injury and sex. Design: Cross-sectional follow-up telephone survey. Setting: Community residents who had received initial treatment in ...

Objectives: To examine the predictive value of caregiver/family status to well-being of persons with brain injury and to examine whether perceived social support to caregivers moderates their well-being. Participants: One hundred nine pairs of adults, a caregiver, and an individual with TBI. Main Measures: Brief Symptom Inventory–18, Satisfaction With ...

This study investigated the ability of the Wechsler Memory Scale-4th Edition (WMS-IV) and the Advanced Clinical Solutions (ACS) package including the new Word Choice test (WCT) to distinguish poor performance due to intentional response bias among simulators of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from poor performance due to actual TBI. ...

The present study explored the predictive value of interval change in neuropsychological performance at three time-points following moderate-to-severe TBI (inpatient rehabilitation, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up) on functional outcome measures collected at 2-year follow-up. Symmetrized percent change scores were calculated and used to predict scores on functional measures using linear ...

Objective: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Community Integration Measure (CIM), a scale that assesses self-perceived quality of community integration, among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Persons (N 279) with TBI completed the CIM, as well as other measures of community integration and quality of life, ...

The presence of alcohol is clearly a risk factor for sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the impact of alcohol on injury severity, and functional or cognitive outcome is unclear, as there is mixed evidence in the literature. This study examined 482 participants in a large urban medical ...

Study investigated whether cognitive outcome and degree of recovery in civilian penetrating traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to gunshot can be distinguished from that of non-penetrating TBI due to motor vehicle accident. One hundred twenty-two matched survivors of penetrating and non-penetrating TBI were assessed with a brief neuropsychological test ...

Background: Duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) correlates with global outcomes and functional disability. Russell proposed the use of PTA duration intervals as an index for classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity. Alternative duration-based schemata have been recently proposed as better predictors of outcome to the commonly cited Russell ...

Article describes some of the sources of systematic bias created by subjects lost to follow-up in long-term traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome studies. Longitudinal data sets were used to compare characteristics for subjects lost and found for 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Three major risk categories identified included individuals with: ...

Objective: To examine the relation between Hispanic ethnicity and rehabilitation outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Longitudinal dataset of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems national database. Participants: Persons (N 3056; 2745 whites vs 311 Hispanics) with moderate to severe TBI hospitalized between 1989 ...

Background: Assessment of injury severity is important in the management of patients with brain trauma. We aimed to analyze the usefulness of the head abbreviated injury score (AIS), the injury severity score (ISS), and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as measures of injury severity and predictors of outcome after ...

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for which there is no well-accepted anatomic measures of injury severity. The present study aims to quantitatively assess DAI by measuring white matter lesion volume visible in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) weighted images and to determine ...

Objective: Ethnic disparities have been demonstrated in several diseases, but not in trauma. We hypothesized that access to acute rehabilitation and long-term functional outcomes among traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are influenced by patient race and ethnicity. Methods: Patients with severe TBI (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score, 3–5) who ...

Objective: Almost 50% of traumatic brain-injured (TBI) patients are alcohol intoxicated. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is frequently used to direct diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in these patients. It is commonly assumed that alcohol intoxication reduces GCS, thus limiting its utility in intoxicated patients. The purpose of this study ...