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Study compared demographic characteristics, preexisting conditions, brain injury severity, and neuropsychological and psychosocial outcomes between adults with violent and nonviolent traumatic brain injury (TBI). Subjects were followed to 1 year after injury. Results indicate significant difference between the groups on demographics, preexisting conditions, and head injury severity. Results indicated ...

Study examined the relationship between sleep disturbance and neurocognitive ability among 87 patients with mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Sleep disturbance was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Analysis revealed that performance on selected measures of cognitive functioning significantly improved prediction of sleep disturbance, accounting ...

Study assessing outcomes of comprehensive day treatment (CDT), a milieu-oriented approach to postacute brain injury rehabilitation, and identifying outcome predictors. Participants were 97 program graduates and 17 dropouts with acquired brain injury. Outcome measures examined included measures of independent living status and vocational independence, the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-22), ...

Study examined the internal consistency, reliability, and comparability of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI) and its subscale measures for ratings made by people with acquire brain injury, their significant others, and by rehabilitation staff. Rasch analysis was used to determine the internal consistency of the overall measure and the ...

Study examined the internal consistency, interrater agreement, concurrent validity, and floor and ceiling effects of the participation index (PI) of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI). Rasch analysis was conducted on PI data derived from MPAIs completed by people with acquired brain injury, their significant others, and rehabilitation staff to ...

Study examined the impact of preinjury personality and injury severity on early rehabilitation outcome and on outcome approximately 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Sixty-nine people with TBI and their significant others were asked to describe the preinjury personality of the injured person using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. ...

Study evaluating initial placement and 1-year employment outcomes of a Medical/Vocational Case Coordination System (MVCCS) for persons with brain injury (BI) providing (1) early case identification and coordination, (2) appropriate medical and vocational rehabilitation (VR) interventions, (3) work trials, and (4) supported employment interventions such as job coaching. Participants ...

Study examines the characteristics and outcomes of participants with brain injury in 3 distinct rehabilitation interventions: (1) specialized vocational services (SVS) only, (2) SVS and community reintegration outpatient group, and (3) SVS and comprehensive day treatment. Characteristics of successful participants in each of the 3 rehabilitation pathways were examined. ...

Study evaluated the internal consistency of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI) in a national sample of people with acquired brain injury and used Rasch, item cluster, traditional psychometric, and factor analyses to further refine the instrument. After recoding 4 items and eliminating the child-rearing item, the revised MPAI showed ...

This study replicated the original findings of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the vocational case coordinator (VCC) model of vocational rehabilitation after acquired brain injury (ABI) with a different VCC. Early intervention, work trials, temporary or long-term supported employment, and employer education are key features of the VCC ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and cause of rehospitalizations 1 and 5 years after traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Descriptive statistics were computed in a prospective study of the cause and incidence of rehospitalizations at years 1 and 5 after injury. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used to ...

Study investigated the extent to which distortions in visual feedback extend the just noticeable difference (JND) of a finger's force production and position displacement in a virtual robotic environment. A JND is defined as the percentage of increase in stimulus that is required to reliably distinguish 2 stimuli. Results showed ...

Article identifies common patterns of upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS) dysfunction in the upper extremities and the muscles that are involved. Discussion focuses on choosing upper limb muscles for focal interventions in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have UMNS. Clinicians need to know which muscles cross a ...

Article identifies factors associated with specific categories of charges during acute inpatient rehabilitation treatment after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Average daily charges were obtained and analyzed from the final billing for 84 patients for the following categories of resource use: room and board, rehabilitation therapy, functional laboratories, respiratory, radiology ...

Study evaluated the reliability and validity of the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) as a tool for assessing ambulatory activity in children. The SAM counts the number of steps taken by its user at 1-minute intervals for as long as 1 month at a time. Analyses showed that the SAM ...

Case study describes a patient with stereotypic movement disorder (SMD) occurring after brain injury due to stroke. SMD is defined as repetitive, non-functional motor behavior that interferes with daily living or results in injury requiring medical treatment. It is frequently associated with mental retardation. SMD has rarely been reported ...

Study examined factors that determine the pathways of care patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) follow after discharge from acute hospitalization and identified differences in outcomes based on the those pathways. Data were collected through structured telephone interviews conducted 12 to 18 months after injury, and from hospital records. ...

Study demonstrates the benefits of oral administration of baclofen in patients with spasticity secondary to brain injury. Authors also review reasons why baclofen may be more effective in the lower rather than the upper extremities.

Study conducted to assess whether 2 types of D-dime fibrin degradation assays, a second-generation latex immunosorbent agglutination and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, can predict the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during the first 2 weeks after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results indicate that the currently recommended levels of ...