TBI Publications

Study developed a scale that can be used to measure the intensity of nociception in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who are unable to provide subjective pain reports. Assessment of nociception aids diagnosis and helps balance reduction in suffering with avoidance of sedating medications. Existing assessment methods confound patients' ...

Study examined the utility of eye-tracking on a clinical performance validity test (PVT) in distinguishing adults with verified traumatic brain injury (TBI) from adults coached to feign cognitive impairment. Research has established that ocular behaviors are reliable biomarkers of (un)conscious cognitive processes, and they have distinguished deceptive from honest responding ...

Study examined the cost benefit of 4 different approaches to screening for sleep apnea from the payor’s perspective in people with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) receiving inpatient rehabilitation. The first approach evaluates the initial use of portable diagnostic testing prior to laboratory-quality assessment for all those who test negative. ...

Study assessed the factor structure of the Traumatic Brain Injury-Quality of Life (TBI-QOL) measurement system. Twenty TBI-QOL item banks were administered to a sample of 504 community-dwelling adults with TBI as part of a study of TBI classification. A subsample of 200 participants was randomly selected for exploratory factor analyses, ...

Study assessed the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and comparative effectiveness of traditional sleep apnea screening tools in traumatic brain injury (TBI) neurorehabilitation admissions. Potential participants were enrolled in 6 TBI Model System Inpatient Rehabilitation Centers. Between May 2017 and February 2019, 449 of 896 screened were eligible for the trial ...

Study determined the degree of cognitive impairment, presence of clinical symptoms and functional disability at the time of emergence from the minimally conscious state (MCS) in patients with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). Emergence from the MCS is associated with symptoms including disorientation, memory and attention impairment, restlessness, and ...

Study examined the effectiveness of the Therapeutic Couples Intervention (TCI) on caregiver needs and burden after brain injury. Seventy-five Individuals with brain injury and their intimate partners/caregivers participated in a 2-arm, parallel, randomized trial with a waitlist control. The TCI consisted of five 2-hour sessions, with a sixth optional session ...

Study tracked the behavioral and functional recovery of patients with prolonged traumatic disorders of consciousness (DoC) following discharge from the acute care setting. Standardized behavioral data were acquired from 95 patients in a minimally conscious (MCS) or vegetative state (VS) recruited from 11 clinic sites and randomly assigned to the ...

Study examined longitudinal changes in ascending arousal network (AAN) connectivity during post-traumatic recovery of consciousness and identified AAN connections that may discriminate between patients with or without a chronic disorder of consciousness (DoC) after severe traumatic brain injury. Sixteen patients with acute traumatic coma and 16 matched healthy controls were ...

Objective: To investigate the relationship of 2 health-related quality-of-life (QOL) item banks (Emotional Suppression and Caregiver Vigilance), developed for caregivers of service members/veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI), to caregivers' positive and negative affect. Setting: Community. Participants: One hundred sixty-five caregivers of service members/veterans with TBI. Design: Retrospective database analysis. Main measures: TBI-CareQOL Emotional ...

Purpose/objective: Spiritual well-being has been associated with better quality of life outcomes in caregivers, but the associations among the care recipient's functional status, the caregiver's spiritual well-being, and the caregiver's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is unknown. Research Method/Design: The study examined the Spiritual Well-Being Scale in caregivers of ...

Objective: This study compared traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes from 2 cohorts: the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) in the United States and Longitudinal Head Injury Outcome Study conducted in Victoria, Australia, by the Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre (MERRC). Design: ...

In response to the need to better define the natural history of emerging consciousness after traumatic brain injury and to better describe the characteristics of the condition commonly labeled posttraumatic amnesia, a case definition and diagnostic criteria for the posttraumatic confusional state (PTCS) were developed. This project was completed by ...

Background: Early detection of consciousness after severe brain injury is critical for establishing an accurate prognosis and planning appropriate treatment. Objectives: To determine which behavioural signs of consciousness emerge first and to estimate the time course to recovery of consciousness in patients with severe acquired brain injury. Methods: Retrospective observational study using ...

Objective: To determine clinically meaningful subgroups of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have failed performance validity testing. Method: Study participants were selected from a cohort of 674 participants with definitive medical evidence of TBI. Participants were those who failed performance validity testing (the Word Memory Test, using the standard ...

Objective: To develop a set of composite scores that can be used for interpreting quality of life (QOL) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using 9 of the patient-reported outcomes measures from the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life (TBI-QOL) measurement system. Design: Participants completed 20 item banks from the ...

Objective: To develop an item response theory (IRT)-calibrated, patient-reported outcome measure of subjective independence for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Large-scale item calibration field testing; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and graded response model IRT analyses. Setting: Five TBI Model System centers across the United States. Participants: Adults ...

Background: OSA is prevalent during a time of critical neural repair after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The diagnostic utility of existing sleep studies is needed to inform clinical management during acute recovery from TBI. Research Question: This study aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority and diagnostic accuracy of a portable level 3 ...

Psychological distress is common in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) but treatments remain underdeveloped. This randomized controlled trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was designed to address this gap. Ninety-three persons with medically-documented complicated mild to severe TBI, normal-to-mildly impaired memory, and clinically significant psychological distress in the ...

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