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Study investigated the direction and magnitude of early longitudinal changes in white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and determined whether acute or subacute FA values correlate more reliably with functional outcomes after TBI. From a prospective TBI outcomes database, 11 patients who underwent ...

This article presents new evidence on employment barriers and workplace disparities facing employees with disabilities, using data from the 2006 General Social Survey to link the disparities to employee attitudes. Analyses examined the interrelations among employment experiences, perceptions, job preferences, and employment outcomes of respondents with and without disabilities. ...

Article provides an overview of the clinical management of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury. The authors review consciousness-altering pathophysiological mechanisms, specific clinical syndromes, and novel diagnostic and prognostic applications of advanced neuroimaging and electrophysiological procedures. The article concludes with a provocative discussion of bioethical ...

Article discusses higher education and outcomes related to employment, health, relationships and medications for students with intellectual disabilities. Students who had completed at least two semesters of college in Kentucky were surveyed about life outcomes using the National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey. Findings on health, medications, employment, and ...

Article reviews the evidence that presents the clinical picture of co-occurring traumatic brain injury (TBI) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), including the overlapping cognitive dysfunction and underlying neurobiological alterations. Recent evidence indicates that TBI can increase the risk of developing AUD. TBI and AUD share common symptoms including cognitive ...

Study examined the effects of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration on neuropsychological and global recovery from 1 to 6 months after complicated mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI). A total of 330 persons with cmTBI, defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13 to 15 in emergency department, with well-defined ...

Article describes some of the current issues related to return to school and employment for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A strong, collaborative partnership between an individual’s care team and key stakeholders is essential for a smooth transition back to school or work. Ways to improve current practices ...

Study examined activation of medial gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles during gait before and after intrathecal baclofen (ITB) bolus injection in patients with resting hypertonia after acquired brain injury. Eight patients with hemorrhagic stroke and 11 patients with traumatic brain injury were assessed before and at 2, ...

Study examined the association between obesity and functional motor outcome of patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data were obtained from the medical records of 761 subjects enrolled in the TBI Model Systems program who were admitted from January 2010 to September 2013. Inclusion criteria consisted ...

Study examined the effect of supported employment intervention on the employment outcomes of transition-age youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) served by the public vocational rehabilitation (VR) system using a case-control study design. Data for this study were extracted from the Rehabilitation Services Administration Case Service Report (RSA-911) ...

Article describes a research project that evaluated the effectiveness of tailor-and-target and target-only approaches designed to communicate new knowledge to multiple stakeholders of assistive technology (AT). A series of 3 randomized controlled studies were conducted focused on knowledge uptake and use by stakeholders in three AT areas: (1) augmentative ...

Study tested the a priori hypothesis that amantadine reduces irritability (primary hypothesis) and aggression (secondary hypothesis) among individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). A total of 76 individuals greater than 6 months post-TBI were randomly assigned to receive 100 milligrams of amantadine hydrochloride twice a day or an ...

Study evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to improve knowledge about traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Blacks and Latinos with complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI. Participants were 52 adults with complicated mild-to-severe TBI (mean age, 37.71 years); 25 participants were Black and 27 were Hispanic/Latino. Of ...

Study assessed the effectiveness of group wheelchair skills training to elicit improvements in wheelchair skills for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Participants were recruited from 4 SCI Model Systems Centers. A total of 114 manual wheelchair users with SCI were randomly assigned to six 90-minute group Wheelchair Skills ...

Study implemented an employer-based intervention for high school youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to learn job skills and acquire employment. The intervention modified a program titled Project SEARCH and incorporated the use of applied behavior analysis to develop Project SEARCH plus Autism Spectrum Disorder Supports (PS-ASD). A randomized ...

Study evaluated relationships between post–traumatic brain injury (TBI) depression (PTD) and potential associated factors, including antidepressant use, on cognitive recovery following severe TBI. One hundred fifty-four survivors of severe TBI, recruited from a level 1 trauma center, were assessed at 6 and 12 months after injury. Measures included the ...

Study investigated the influence of patient and injury characteristics on outcomes at inpatient rehabilitation discharge and 9 months after discharge for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data were obtained from 2,130 patients admitted to 10 acute inpatient rehabilitation centers as part of a comparative effectiveness study in which ...

Study evaluated the effectiveness of the Brain Injury Family Intervention (BIFI) for family caregivers of individuals with acquired brain injury. The BIFI was designed as a whole-family approach to addressing needs, emphasizing education, skill building, and psychological support. The manualized treatment focused on highly relevant topics (e.g., common injury ...