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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on command following and yes/no communication in brain injured patients with severe disorders of consciousness (DOC). DESIGN: A meta-analysis of a series of single-subject repeated crossover trials, using doses ranging from 7.5 to 25 mg (median dose: 10 mg), generally given ...

Objective: To determine national patterns of screening, prophylaxis, and treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) within the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS). Design: e-mail survey instrument. Setting: Multicenter Regional TBIMS. Results: Fifteen of the 16 rehabilitation centers within the TBIMS responded to the ...

Objective: To determine whether race/ethnicity and proficiency with the English language influence access to rehabilitation services, and ultimately outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: A retrospective correlational investigation. Setting and Participants: Postrehabilitation outpatients with blunt TBI. A total of 476 patients were examined 6 months postinjury, of which ...

BACKGROUND: An estimated 5.3 million people in the United States live with permanent disability related to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Access to rehabilitation after TBI is important in minimizing these disabilities. Ethnic disparities in access to health care have been documented in other diseases, but have not been studied ...

BACKGROUND: Diffuse axonal injury is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury that frequently involves the parasagittal white matter, corpus callosum, and brainstem. OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential of diffusion tensor tractography in detecting diffuse axonal injury at the acute stage of injury and predicting long-term functional outcome. DESIGN: Tract-derived ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine racial differences in employment status and occupational status 1 year after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Longitudinal dataset of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems national database. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects with primarily moderate to severe TBI (3468 whites vs 1791 minorities) hospitalized between ...

During the years 2002 to 2007, 16 Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems of Care (TBIMS) were funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research to conduct site-specific and collaborative research projects, including contribution to a longitudinal database, within comprehensive systems of care specialized for people with traumatic ...

BACKGROUND: Measurement of the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is common practice, serving as an important index of the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a predictor of functional outcome. However, controversy exists regarding the nature of PTA; some studies indicate that it is a confusional state with ...

Objective: To investigate the prognostic significance of severity of post-traumatic confusion (PTC) and its constituent symptoms for early and late outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Inpatient brain injury rehabilitation program. Participants: A total of 168 patients meeting study criteria from 195 consecutive ...

Background: Published guidelines for defining the ‘‘minimally conscious state’’ (MCS) included behaviours that characterise emergence, specifically ‘‘reliable and consistent’’ functional interactive communication (accurate yes/no responding) and functional use of objects. Guidelines were developed by consensus because of the lack of empirical data to guide definitions. Criticism emerged that ...

BACKGROUND: Classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity guides management and contributes to determination of prognosis. Common indicators of TBI severity include Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, length of coma (LOC) and duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). OBJECTIVE: To compare GCS, LOC and PTA by examining distributions and intercorrelations ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) if more than 50% of patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who met study criteria can complete a battery of neuropsychologic tests in less than 75 minutes 2 to 6 weeks after injury regardless of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) status; (2) which tests ...

Objective: This study examined predictors of family dysfunction and caregiver distress among 60 pairs of persons who sustained a traumatic brain injury and their caregivers. Design: A cross-sectional design that used hierarchical multiple regression analyses evaluated the relative influences of time since injury, awareness of deficit, and neurobehavioral and ...

Objective: To describe neuropsychological outcome 5 years after injury in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received inpatient medical rehabilitation. To determine the magnitude and pattern neuropsychological recovery from 1 year to 5 years after injury. Design: Longitudinal cohort study with inclusion based on the availability of neuropsychological ...

The purpose of our study was to describe the outcomes of persons with penetrating brain injury resulting from a gunshot wound to the head. It is a prospective study of 442 patients admitted with gunshot wounds to the head over a 7 year period to our University Trauma Center ...

Objectives: To study group changes over time after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Prospective cohort. Setting and Participants: TBI Model System Database with 1160 subjects using cohort with complete data. Main Outcome Measures: Functional Independence Measure (FIMTM) and Disability Rating Scale (DRS) at rehabilitation discharge and annually after injury. ...

Objective: To assess the suitability of the Barroso Fatigue Scale (BFS) for assessment of posttraumatic brain injury (post-TBI) fatigue. Design: Analysis of self-report data. Setting: Community. Participants: 183 individuals with TBI in California, and 233 individuals with TBI and a comparison group of 85 persons without brain injury in ...

Fatigue is a well-recognized issue for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This prospective study examined the rate and types of fatigue that are experienced by a cohort of individuals with TBI within the first 2 years, using a multidimensional fatigue scale. The impact of factors such as demographics, ...