High fidelity human simulation improves physical therapist student self-efficacy for acute care clinical practice

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Study compare self-efficacy between physical therapist (PT) students who did and did not participate in high-fidelity human simulation (HFHS) training prior to acute care clinical experiences. HFHS has been described as structured student learning experiences with the use of a technologically advanced computerized manikin, mimicking realistic patient care situations. Sixteen PT students were randomly assigned to either a control, which received the standard curriculum, or an experimental groups, which participated in 6 HFHS learning experiences in addition to the standard curriculum prior to an acute care clinical experience. Self-efficacy was measured using the Acute Care Confidence Survey on 3 occasions: baseline, after HFHS training, and midterm of the clinical experience. A focus group was conducted with the experimental group upon completion of the clinical experience to examine the students’ perceived value of HFHS training. A significant between-group difference was found on self-efficacy scores following HFHS and on total change in self-efficacy from baseline to midterm of the clinical experience. Focus group qualitative analysis revealed 4 themes: (1) simulation provided a safe, nonjudgmental, and productive learning environment; (2) students gained confidence in preparation for acute care clinical experience in initial interaction with clinical instructor, patient, and interprofessional team communication, and knowledge of the clinical setting; (3) simulation fostered clinical reasoning skills; and (4) simulation facilitated skills in multitasking in a complex setting. Themes were triangulated and supported by quantitative self-efficacy scores. Findings suggest that HFHS in PT education leads to increased self-efficacy for acute care clinical practice.

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