Changes in neuropsychological performance after traumatic brain injury from inpatient rehabilitation to 1-year follow-up in predicting 2-year functional outcomes

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Study examined whether change in cognitive performance at three time-points (inpatient rehabilitation, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up) following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) could be used to predict functional outcome measures collected at 2-year follow-up. Participants underwent neuropsychological testing and assessment of functional outcomes during their rehabilitation stay and were asked to return for 1-year, 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, and 15-year follow-up assessments. Analyses were conducted on 97 patients who had neuropsychological data for the first 3 time points. Symmetrized percent change scores were calculated and used to predict scores on functional measures using linear regression while controlling for age and injury severity. Results indicated that changes in learning and processing speed during the first year of recovery are sensitive indicators when predicting long-term disability and degree of functional independence. By comparison, most neuropsychological measures taken at 1-year follow-up also accounted for unique variance in 2-year functional outcomes.

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