Cardiometabolic disease and dysfunction following spinal cord injury: Origins and guideline-based countermeasures
Publications
Model System:
SCI
Reference Type:
Journal article
Accession No.:
J84864
Journal:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
Year, Volume, Issue, Page(s):
, 31, 3, 415-436
Publication Website:
Abstract:
Article provides an overview of the risks and health hazards of the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) that are commonly reported in people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and disorders. Overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are highly prevalent after SCI. Early surveillance of cardiometabolic risks should be undertaken to identify and treat the risks of overweight/obesity and insulin resistance. Both the CMS diagnosis and physical deconditioning worsen the prognosis for all-cause cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests a role for physical activity to address these risks, although intense exercise may be required. Intense exercise and nutritional modification after SCI represent first-line countermeasures to the CMS and its risk determinants. Improved surveillance for CMS risks and exercise and nutritional management are essential for the preservation of optimal health and independence. Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery represent alternatives to exercise and nutrition, although at higher risks and untested effectiveness.