TBI Publications

Objective: Compare white and African American caregivers of people with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) regarding caregiving patterns, emotional function and life satisfaction, and preferred supports. Design: Prospective, observational study; 1, 2, or 5 years post-TBI. Setting: Six TBI model systems. Participants: Two hundred fifty-six caregivers (195 ...

Purpose of review The burden of proof for establishing diagnosis and prognosis in patients with disorders of consciousness lies with behavioral assessment methods. The current review discusses recent advances in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of this methodology. Recent findings Behavioral assessment methods remain the ‘gold standard’ for establishing ...

Widespread loss of cerebral connectivity is assumed to underlie the failure of brain mechanisms that support communication and goal-directed behaviour following severe traumatic brain injury. Disorders of consciousness that persist for longer than 12 months after severe traumatic brain injury are generally considered to be immutable; no treatment has ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on command following and yes/no communication in brain injured patients with severe disorders of consciousness (DOC). DESIGN: A meta-analysis of a series of single-subject repeated crossover trials, using doses ranging from 7.5 to 25 mg (median dose: 10 mg), generally given ...

Objective: To determine whether race/ethnicity and proficiency with the English language influence access to rehabilitation services, and ultimately outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: A retrospective correlational investigation. Setting and Participants: Postrehabilitation outpatients with blunt TBI. A total of 476 patients were examined 6 months postinjury, of which ...

BACKGROUND: An estimated 5.3 million people in the United States live with permanent disability related to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Access to rehabilitation after TBI is important in minimizing these disabilities. Ethnic disparities in access to health care have been documented in other diseases, but have not been studied ...

BACKGROUND: Measurement of the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is common practice, serving as an important index of the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a predictor of functional outcome. However, controversy exists regarding the nature of PTA; some studies indicate that it is a confusional state with ...

Primary objective: Describe physical impairment at rehabilitation admission and 1-year after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Research design: Prospective longitudinal multi-centre descriptive analysis. Methods and procedures: Physical examination variables were analysed for all subjects in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems database from 1988-2002 that had data both at rehabilitation ...

Purpose: To develop a single TBI severity classification system based on commonly used TBI severity measures and indicators that (1) maximally uses available positive evidence to classify TBI severity in three categories: (a) Moderate-Severe (Definite) TBI, (b) Mild (Probable) TBI, (c) Symptomatic (Possible) TBI; (2) reflects current clinical knowledge ...

Objective: To identify patient features associated with early and late depression after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: 3 clinical trauma groups (mild TBI, moderate-severe TBI, orthopedic injury) and their significant others. Measures: Preinjury: age, education, substance abuse, and psychiatric history; Injury severity: classification using Glasgow Coma Scale and cranial ...

To test if observed vs. expected mortality differs by age among traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases, a population-based, historical cohort study was conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota. From all residents with any diagnosis suggestive of TBI 1985–1999, we randomly sampled 7,800 and reviewed their medical records to confirm the ...

Objective: To investigate the contribution of activity-related satisfaction and perceived self-efficacy to global life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: Convenience sample of 97 adults who were living in their community at least 6 months after sustaining a TBI. Measures: Community Integration Questionnaire, Quality of Community Integration Questionnaire, ...

This study examined the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in 95 individuals who had suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital (n=60) and a military hospital (n=35); despite differences in demographics and injury characteristics groups did not differ on any of the clinical scales ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between gender and cognitive recovery 1 year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Patients with blunt TBI were identified from the TBI Model Systems of Care National Database, multi-centre cohort study. The included patients (n = 325) were 16-45 years at injury, admitted to ...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated performance of home management activities 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI), as reported on the Functional Status Examination. METHOD: Home management performance of 164 rehabilitation inpatients (mean age 35.4 years, 77% men, 75% white) with moderate to severe TBI was examined in relation to ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of pain 1 yr after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify predictors from the time of injury. Additionally, factors related to pain at 1 yr after injury were examined along with the impact of pain on community participation. DESIGN: Prospective cohort ...

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the psychometric properties of indices of a lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). PARTICIPANTS: Convenience samples recruited from 2 treatment programs for persons with substance use disorders: N = 119 (study 1) and N = 103 (study 2) DESIGN: Test interrater reliability (study 1) and predictive ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are sex differences in employment 1 year after traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Acute care hospitals in South Carolina and Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) rehabilitation centers. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects in the TBIMS national dataset and the South Carolina Traumatic Brain Injury ...

OBJECTIVES: Ethnic disparities in access to acute rehabilitation and in long-term global neurologic outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been previously documented. The current study was undertaken to determine whether there are specific types of functional deficits that disproportionately affect ethnic minorities after TBI. METHODS: The TBI Clinical ...

OBJECTIVES: (1) to determine differences between minorities vs. non-minorities on demographic, injury and rehabilitation characteristics and functional outcomes at admission, discharge and 1-year post-injury and (2) to examine differences in functional outcome at 1-year post-injury among (African-Americans, Hispanics and Whites). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Longitudinal data were extracted from ...