TBI Publications

Objective: To determine the extent to which characteristics of a person’s neighborhood contribute to outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: A specialized brain injury unit providing acute rehabilitation care. Participants: A consecutive sample of participants (N 200) in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) ...

Neuropsychologists are increasingly asked to provide recommendations regarding functional abilities based on test results, particularly within the rehabilitation setting. Yet, the empirical basis for making such recommendations is limited. The current study examines relationships between executive functioning and social communication measures and concurrently measured occupational and social integration outcomes. ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare diagnostic and treatment-related differences between persons participating in treatment for dually diagnosed substance use disorders and severe mental illness who have or do not have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. PRIMARY MEASURES: Demographic information, diagnostic data, pre-treatment status, ...

BACKGROUND: Diffuse axonal injury is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury that frequently involves the parasagittal white matter, corpus callosum, and brainstem. OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential of diffusion tensor tractography in detecting diffuse axonal injury at the acute stage of injury and predicting long-term functional outcome. DESIGN: Tract-derived ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine racial differences in employment status and occupational status 1 year after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Longitudinal dataset of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems national database. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects with primarily moderate to severe TBI (3468 whites vs 1791 minorities) hospitalized between ...

During the years 2002 to 2007, 16 Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems of Care (TBIMS) were funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research to conduct site-specific and collaborative research projects, including contribution to a longitudinal database, within comprehensive systems of care specialized for people with traumatic ...

Objective: To investigate the prognostic significance of severity of post-traumatic confusion (PTC) and its constituent symptoms for early and late outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Inpatient brain injury rehabilitation program. Participants: A total of 168 patients meeting study criteria from 195 consecutive ...

Background: Published guidelines for defining the ‘‘minimally conscious state’’ (MCS) included behaviours that characterise emergence, specifically ‘‘reliable and consistent’’ functional interactive communication (accurate yes/no responding) and functional use of objects. Guidelines were developed by consensus because of the lack of empirical data to guide definitions. Criticism emerged that ...

BACKGROUND: Classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity guides management and contributes to determination of prognosis. Common indicators of TBI severity include Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, length of coma (LOC) and duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). OBJECTIVE: To compare GCS, LOC and PTA by examining distributions and intercorrelations ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) if more than 50% of patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who met study criteria can complete a battery of neuropsychologic tests in less than 75 minutes 2 to 6 weeks after injury regardless of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) status; (2) which tests ...

Objective: To assess the suitability of the Barroso Fatigue Scale (BFS) for assessment of posttraumatic brain injury (post-TBI) fatigue. Design: Analysis of self-report data. Setting: Community. Participants: 183 individuals with TBI in California, and 233 individuals with TBI and a comparison group of 85 persons without brain injury in ...

Fatigue is a well-recognized issue for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This prospective study examined the rate and types of fatigue that are experienced by a cohort of individuals with TBI within the first 2 years, using a multidimensional fatigue scale. The impact of factors such as demographics, ...

This study used a prospective longitudinal design to quantify fatigue and associated factors during the first 2 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fifty-one individuals were assessed at 3 time points: within the first 6, 12, and 18-24 months after TBI. Self-reported fatigue improved during the first year, as ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among intoxication at time of injury, pre-injury history of problem drinking, and early functional status in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Acute inpatient TBI rehabilitation. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 1748 persons with TBI. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood alcohol levels (BALs) were ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether older persons are at increased risk for progressive functional decline after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) rehabilitation centers. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects enrolled in the TBIMS national dataset. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disability Rating Scale ...

Abstract not available

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine if plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol, the primary catabolite of brain cholesterol, provide a measure of axonal damage in acute brain trauma. RESEARCH DESIGN: Determination of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol in a series of persons admitted to an intensive care unit for treatment of closed head injury. METHODS ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the predictors of continuous marital stability over 2 years post-injury and examine the moderating effects of ethnicity. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Longitudinal dataset of the TBI Model Systems National Database. PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred and seventy-seven individuals with primarily moderate-to-severe ...

Objective: To assess the interrelations of neuropsychological tests and rating scales with in vivo behavioral observation of impulsive behavior, accounting for the mode of expression (verbal or motor). Design: Cross-sectional, correlational. Setting: An urban, inpatient rehabilitation facility in the Midwestern United States. Participants: Forty patients who were hospitalized in ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine resumption of driving after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its relation to community integration. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study; survey and cognitive data. SETTINGS: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems and community. PARTICIPANTS: Persons (N=261) ranging from 3 months to 15 years postinjury. ...