TBI Publications

Background: Early detection of consciousness after severe brain injury is critical for establishing an accurate prognosis and planning appropriate treatment. Objectives: To determine which behavioural signs of consciousness emerge first and to estimate the time course to recovery of consciousness in patients with severe acquired brain injury. Methods: Retrospective observational study using ...

Objective: To determine clinically meaningful subgroups of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have failed performance validity testing. Method: Study participants were selected from a cohort of 674 participants with definitive medical evidence of TBI. Participants were those who failed performance validity testing (the Word Memory Test, using the standard ...

Objective: To develop a set of composite scores that can be used for interpreting quality of life (QOL) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using 9 of the patient-reported outcomes measures from the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life (TBI-QOL) measurement system. Design: Participants completed 20 item banks from the ...

Objective: To develop an item response theory (IRT)-calibrated, patient-reported outcome measure of subjective independence for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Large-scale item calibration field testing; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and graded response model IRT analyses. Setting: Five TBI Model System centers across the United States. Participants: Adults ...

Background: OSA is prevalent during a time of critical neural repair after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The diagnostic utility of existing sleep studies is needed to inform clinical management during acute recovery from TBI. Research Question: This study aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority and diagnostic accuracy of a portable level 3 ...

Psychological distress is common in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) but treatments remain underdeveloped. This randomized controlled trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was designed to address this gap. Ninety-three persons with medically-documented complicated mild to severe TBI, normal-to-mildly impaired memory, and clinically significant psychological distress in the ...

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel intervention facilitating volunteer activity to improve well-being in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Randomized two-arm controlled trial, with a wait-list control condition (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT#01728350). Setting: Community-based setting. Participants: Seventy-four community-dwelling individuals at least 1-year post TBI, who had completed ...

Objective: To evaluate the impact of physical, mental, and total health condition burden on functional outcome and life satisfaction up to 10 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting: Six TBI Model Systems centers. Participants: Three hundred ninety-three participants in the TBI Model Systems National Database. ...

Objective: To develop a pain interference item bank, computer adaptive test (CAT), and short form for use by individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Cross-sectional survey study. Setting: Five TBI Model Systems rehabilitation hospitals. Participants: Individuals with TBI (N=590). Interventions: Not applicable. Outcome measures: Traumatic Brain Injury-Quality of ...

The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is receiving increasing interest and importance in medical practice and research. The MCID is the smallest improvement in scores in the domain of interest that patients perceive as beneficial. In clinical trials, comparing the proportion of individuals between treatment and control groups who ...

Studies have shown reduced life expectancy following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with death from unintentional poisoning (UP) being 11 times higher following TBI than in the general population. The characteristics of those who die of unintentional poisoning are compared with the characteristics of those who die of other ...

To examine the association between social Internet use and real-world societal participation in survivors of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. Objective: To examine the association between social Internet use and real-world societal participation in survivors of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. Design: Prospective cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Ten Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Centers. Participants: A ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare OSA, demographic, and TBI characteristics across the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and Centers for Medicare and Medicare (CMS) scoring rules in moderate to severe TBI undergoing inpatient neurorehabilitation. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis from a prospective clinical trial of sleep apnea at six TBI ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and comparative effectiveness of traditional sleep apnea screening tools in traumatic brain injury (TBI) neurorehabilitation admissions. DESIGN: Prospective diagnostic comparative effectiveness trial of sleep apnea screening tools relative to the criterion standard, attended level 1 polysomnography including encephalography. SETTING: Six TBI Model System Inpatient ...

Purpose of the study: To investigate the association among global and regional white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) values following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cognitive functioning. Materials and methods: This research was conducted in an urban rehabilitation hospital. Participants included adults who were healthy controls (n = 18) or who had ...

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of the Therapeutic Couples Intervention (TCI) on caregiver needs and burden after brain injury. Research method: Individuals with brain injury and their intimate partners/caregivers (n = 75) participated in a 2-arm, parallel, randomized trial with a waitlist control. The TCI consisted of 5 2-hr sessions, with ...